ADHD is a common disorder which affects approximately 5% of children and which includes distractibility, impulsivity, and in some cases, hyperactivity. These features can cause problems in school performance, relationships, and self-esteem. Early identification and treatment of this condition can be very helpful. Treatment consists of supportive strategies to manage the symptoms at school and at home. Medication options can also often be useful and includes stimulants (Ritalin, Dexedrine, Adderall, etc.) antidepressants (Wellbutrin, Zoloft, Prozac, Tofranil, etc.) and others (Catapres, Tenex, Buspar, etc.).

All that distracts is not ADHD! A thorough medical evaluation is necessary to make the proper diagnosis. Many other issues can interfere with concentration and imitate ADHD but are really very different. These other conditions include learning disabilities, language disorders, epilepsy (especially absence or petite mal seizures), sleep disorders, thyroid and other medical disorders, some genetic conditions, Tourette Syndrome, stress, depression, and others.

If you are concerned about any aspect of your child’s development, you should discuss fully with his/her teacher and pediatrician. These professionals can guide you as to whether further evaluation by a child neurologist, child psychologist, child psychiatrist, or other specialist is appropriate.

A neurodevelopmental evaluation by a child neurologist includes:
1. Extensive interview of the child and parents.

2. Review of school records and rating scales from teachers and parents.

3. Physical and neurologic examinations.

4. Some formal testing of neurocognitive domains (fine motor, gross motor, auditory, visual, memory, language, and academic skills).

5. In some cases other evaluation may be needed such as EEG, head MRI/CT, blood and urine tests, complete psychometric/educational testing, or referral to other specialists such as geneticists, psychiatrists, or allergists.
The neurologist and family then work together to devise a treatment plan including supportive strategies and possibly medication, with adjustments made periodically as the child grows and progresses.